TCI/IP Transport and Application Layers:

This module covers the upper two layers of the TCP/IP networking model. How these two layers relate to the upper four layers of the OSI model and the protocols used at each layer to deal with flow control, processing of different types of data and error correction.

Vocabulary - Key Terms:
(INS): initial sequence number
(ACK): an acknowledgement



Related Articles:


DNS:

Domain naming systems are what control the domain name to an IP address. the company that currently operates many TLD (Top level domains) including .com. Domains are used in oder to help people remember websites, if people had to remember IP address then they would not go on the Internet often, for web browsing and it would not be what it is today. DNS works very simply, a DNS server redircts domain names to IP address, for example google.com is also 64.233.167.99 and it also works in place of the domain: httpHTTP

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-->://64.233.167.99/ go to the same place. you can use a domain in place of an IP is most everything, but there are exception in software that will not let you, an example is the source engine made by valve will not allow you to use a domain in place of an IP address. if you want your own domain linked to your IP you can go to no-IPIPA

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Key Concepts:

Flow Control ensures that a source host does not overflow the buffers in a destination host.

Congestion can occur for two reasons:
-First a high-speed computer might generate traffic faster than a network can transfer it.
-Second, if many computers simultaneously need to send datagrams to a single destination, that destination can experience congestion, although no single source caused the problem.

The Three-way Handshake:


















These are the port numbers used for the software.
Course Materials:

CCNA1 - Module 11 - Study Guide (.pdfPD

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