SMCROP - Cisco Networking - Recently Updated Pages

CCNA 1 - Module 1

mario_st — Fri, 08 May 2009 05:15:48 CDT

Introduction to Networking:
"Three things are certain:
Death, taxes, and lost data.
Guess which has occurred."

This module is an introduction to networking and networking terminology. It gives a brief history of networking and advances in the networking field over the past 35-40 years. The last part of the module deals with network math. (numbering systems) The use of decimal, binary and hexadecimal numbering systems in networking and how to convert values into each of the numbering systems is covered.

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

Network Interface Card (NIC)- An expansion board so the computer can be connected to a network.
Parallel Port-An interface capable of sending more than one bit simultaneously that is used to connect external devices.
Firewire-A serial bus standard offering high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data service.
Bus- A collection of wires on the motherboard used to send signals from one part of the computer to another.
Transistor - A solid state device that amplifies a signal or opens and closes a circuit.
Integrated circuit (IC) - A device made of semiconductor material that contains many transistors and performs a specific task.
Resistor - A device that is made of material that opposes the flow of electric current.
Capacitor - An electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field. It consists of two conducting metal plates separated by an insulating material.

Related Articles:
How to convert Binary to Hexadecimal

Related Concepts:
The hexadecimal color system is also used in most web based web publishing like HTML, PHP, CSS, ASP, XML, and many more. The Color code system is very simple it works with the RGB system the color code system (R G B) an example color is #0080C0 this is a nice shade of blue. All color codes start with “#” then there is 3 hexadecimal numbers in the example #0080C0 the first two 00 mean that there is no shade of red it the color the second two numbers refer to the green color aspect of the color code in the example #0080C0, 80 means that the Green shade is 128 and final the last two hexadecimal numbers C0 means 192 in the decimal number system. That mean the color code in the decimal number system is 0 128 and 192 and remember the higher the number the in each segment of the color code the lighter the shade. So if you had the code #ffffff you would have the color white and #000000 you would get the color black.

Key Concepts:
Information on TCP/IP
How switches work
All you need to know about Hexadecimal
Information on hex editing
Binary numeral system
Firewire
NIC
Parallel Port Complere info
How does a T1 line work

Pictures:

Course Materials:

CCNA 1 - Module 1 - Study Guide (.pdf)

Cisco Discovery

Brumbaugh — Sun, 12 Oct 2008 01:15:28 CDT

In late 2007, Cisco introduced two new curriculum paths to obtain the CCNA certification. Cisco Discovery is designed for high school and trade school students and Cisco Exploration is designed for Engineering and Computer Science students. The courses offered through San Mateo County ROP will use the Cisco Discovery Curriculum. This curriculum provides practical skills and is easy for students with little or no computer knowledge.

CCNA 3.0 Curriculum

Brumbaugh — Sun, 12 Oct 2008 00:12:48 CDT

There is no abstract available for this page revision.

Home

Brumbaugh — Sun, 12 Oct 2008 00:12:12 CDT

This site is designed to provide resources for students in the Cisco Networking Academy Program offered through San Mateo County Regional Occupational Program at Capuchino High School. The Cisco Networking Academy program is a challenging and rigorous curriculum, which prepares students to take the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam. The CCNA certification is considered the entry level networking certification and is the prerequisite for other networking certifications.
This wiki site is organized just like the Cisco Networking Academy Curriculum. There are four semesters of material in the program and each semester is divided into modules.

Over the past year, Cisco has changed their curriculum for the Networking Academy. This site will keep the material that has been collected for the older CCNA 3.0 curriculum, but over the next few months, the site will begin to house material for the newer Cisco Discovery curriculum. If you are enrolled in a current class, please use the Cisco Discovery curriculum.

The wiki format of this site is designed to assist students in making connections to the material covered in class to the outside world. As part of this process, students will contribute to the body of knowledge that is on the site, allowing their classmates and others to share from their knowledge and experiences. Students will be assigned as 'scribes' for different modules in the curriculum.

Scribes are responsible for two of the following tasks:

1. List and define four vocabulary terms used in the module.
2. Locate and link to the wiki an article that is connected to the concepts covered in the module
3. Locate and link two images that relate to the concepts covered in the module.
4. Write a review of any concept covered in the module.
5. Create a chart or graph for any information covered in the module and post to the wiki.
6. Embed any media object from YouTube, Google Video, Picasa or other media object.
(No Ninja Videos!)

CCNA 1 - Module 6

growabrain — Fri, 02 Nov 2007 03:16:25 CDT

Ethernet Funadmentals:

This module covers the basics of Ethernet and the standards used for data formatting and transmission. The use of CSMA/CD within Ethernet is essential to the use of these technologies within LAN's.

Vocabulary - Key Term
Ethernet-A large and diverse family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs).

MAC Address - Address system used to uniquely identify computers and interfaces for allowing local delivery of frames over Ethernet

IEEE - has two main objectives:

Supply the information necessary to build devices that comply with Ethernet standards
Promote innovation among manufacturers

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) – performs calculations on the data

Two-dimensional parity – places individual bytes in a two-dimensional array and performs redundancy checks vertically and horizontally on the array, creating an extra byte resulting in an even or odd number of binary 1s.

Internet checksum – adds the values of all of the data bits to arrive at a sum.

Related Articles:
how ethernet works-http://computer.howstuffworks.com/ethernet.htm

ethernet on a wiki-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

all the info you would ever need for ethernet cable-http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/ethernet.htm

more information on ethernet-http://pclt.cis.yale.edu/pclt/COMM/ETHER.HTM

Key Concepts:
People Do Need to see Pamela Anderson
All people seem to need data processing

CSMA/CD-

The acronym CSMA/CD signifies carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection and describes how the Ethernet protocol regulates communication among nodes. While the term may seem intimidating, if we break it apart into its component concepts we will see that it describes rules very similar to those that people use in polite conversation. To help illustrate the operation of Ethernet, we will use an analogy of a dinner table conversation. Let’s represent our Ethernet segment as a dinner table, and let several people engaged in polite conversation at the table represent the nodes. The term multiple access covers what we already discussed above: When one Ethernet station transmits, all the stations on the medium hear the transmission, just as when one person at the table talks, everyone present is able to hear him or her. Now let's imagine that you are at the table and you have something you would like to say. At the moment, however, I am talking. Since this is a polite conversation, rather than immediately speak up and interrupt, you would wait until I finished talking before making your statement. This is the same concept described in the Ethernet protocol as carrier sense. Before a station transmits, it "listens" to the medium to determine if another station is transmitting. If the medium is quiet, the station recognizes that this is an appropriate time to transmit.

Protocols-
In networking, the term protocol refers to a set of rules that govern communications. Protocols are to computers what language is to humans. Since this article is in English, to understand it you must be able to read English. Similarly, for two devices on a network to successfully communicate, they must both understand the same protocols.

Ethernet has been standardized as IEEE 802.3. Its star-topology, twisted pair wiring form became the most widespread LAN technology in use from the 1990s to the present, largely replacing competing LAN standards such as coaxial cable Ethernet, token ring, FDDI, and ARCNET. In recent years, Wi-Fi, the wireless LAN standardized by IEEE 802.11, has been used in addition to or instead of Ethernet in many installations.

Fields permitted or required in an 802.3 Ethernet frame are,

Preamble

SOF Delimiter

Destination Address

Source Address

Length/Type

Header and Data

FCS

Extension
Course Materials:

CCNA 1 - Module 6 - Study Guide (.pdf)

CCNA 1 - Module 7

pfeltner — Thu, 01 Nov 2007 01:34:21 CDT

Ethernet Technologies:

This module covers the growth and expansion of Ethernet technologies from the earliest form of 10BASE2 and 10BASE5 Ethernet to 100BASE-T, 1000BASE-LX and 10GbE Ethernet implementations.

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

Manchester encoding- uses the transition in the middle for the timing window to determine the binary value for that bit period.

Non-Return-to-Zero encoding - relies on the level of the signal in the timing window to determine the binary value for that bit period.

Non-Return-to-Zero-Inverted encoding - relies on the presence or absence of a transition in the middle of the timing window to determine the binary value for that bit period.

MLT-3 - the signal level alternates between above and below the zero level instead of using only two levels.

- Manchester Coding - Form of encoding used in 10 Mbps systems

CCNA 1 - Module 8

madhursonu — Wed, 31 Oct 2007 11:14:57 CDT

Ethernet Switching:

This module discusses Ethernet switching and how the concept of collision and broadcast domains effect network performance. Specific reference to different network devices extend, segment and bound different types of network traffic.

Vocabulary - Key Terms:
A switch is essentially a fast, multi-port bridge that can contain dozens of ports.
Latency is the delay between the time a frame begins to leave the source device and when the first part of the frame reaches its destination.
(CAM): content-addressable memory
(ASIC): application-specific integrated circuit
(FCS): Frame Check Sequence
STP: standards-based protocol
A collision domain is a logical network segment where data packets can "collide" with one another for being sent on a shared medium, in particular in the Ethernet networking protocol. This is an Ethernet term used to describe a network scenario wherein one particular device sends a packet on a network segment, forcing every other device on that same segment to pay attention to it.Collisions decrease network efficiency; if two devices transmit simultaneously, a collision occurs, and both devices must retransmit at a later time.
A broadcast domain is a logical network segment in which any computer or other device connected to the network can directly transmit to any other on the domain without having to go through a routing device, provided that they share the same subnet address and are in the same VLAN, default or installed.It is the area of the computer network composed of all the computers and networking devices that can be reached by sending a frame to the data link layer broadcast address.
Ethernet LANs are broadcast domains. Any devices attached to the LAN can transmit frames to any other device because the medium is a shared transmission system.
A network segment is a portion of a computer network where in every device communicates using the same physical layer. Devices that extend the physical layer, such as repeaters or hubs, are also considered to extend the segment. However, devices that operate at the data link layer level or higher create new physical layers and thus create rather than extend segments.

Related Articles:
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/community/columns/cableguy/cg0102.mspx
--Function of OSI layers

Key Concepts:

The Bridge uses the MAC address to determine where to send the data to.

Full Duplex is known was the ability to communite in both directions at the same time.

A collision domain can be broken up into Different segments by using a bridge. It uses two ports to create two different collision domains. A switch has many ports which in return it can create a different collision domain with each port.

Latency can be caused by:

Media delays may be caused by the finite speed that signals can travel through the physical media.
Circuit delays may be caused by the electronics that process the signal along the path.
Software delays may be caused by the decisions that software must make to implement switching and protocols.
Delays may be caused by the content of the frame and the location of the frame switching decisions. For example, a device cannot route a frame to a destination until the destination MAC address has been read.

Switched networks are often designed with redundant paths to provide for reliability and fault tolerance. Redundant paths are desirable but they can have undesirable side effects such as switching loops. Switching loops can lead to broadcast storms that will rapidly overwhelm a network. STP is a standards-based protocol that is used to avoid switching loops. Each switch in a LAN that uses STP sends messages called Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) out all its ports to let other switches know of its existence. This information is used to elect a root bridge for the network. The switches use the spanning-tree algorithm (STA) to resolve and shut down the redundant paths

Each port on a switch that uses STP exists in one of the following five states:

Blocking
Listening
Learning
Forwarding
Disabled

A port moves through these five states as follows:

From initialization to blocking
From blocking to listening or to disabled
From listening to learning or to disabled
From learning to forwarding or to disabled
From forwarding to disabled

Examples of shared media and directly connected networks:

Shared media environment – This occurs when multiple hosts have access to the same medium. For example, if several PCs are attached to the same physical wire or optical fiber, they all share the same media environment.
Extended shared media environment – This is a special type of shared media environment in which networking devices can extend the environment so that it can accommodate multiple access or longer cable distances.
Point-to-point network environment – This is widely used in dialup network connections and is most common for home users. It is a shared network environment in which one device is connected to only one other device. An example is a PC that is connected to an Internet service provider through a modem and a phone line.

Course Materials:

CCNA1 - Module 8 - Study Guide (.pdf)

CCNA 1 - Module 5

artigak75 — Tue, 30 Oct 2007 10:46:13 CDT

Cabling LAN's and WAN's

This module discusses the type of network cabling that is typically used in different LAN's and WAN's and how the choice of media is dependent of environmental factors and user bandwidth requirements.

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

Passive – A passive hub serves as a physical connection point only. It does not manipulate or view the traffic that crosses it. It does not boost or clean the signal. A passive hub is used only to share the physical media. A passive hub does not need electrical power.
Active – An active hub must be plugged into an electrical outlet because it needs power to amplify a signal before it is sent to the other ports.
Intelligent – Intelligent hubs are sometimes called smart hubs. They function like active hubs with microprocessor chips and diagnostic capabilities. Intelligent hubs are more expensive than active hubs. They are also more useful in troubleshooting situations.

Local Area Network (LAN)- Computer network contained in a building, an office, or a campus.
Wide Area Network (WAN)- A geographically dispered telecommunications network.
Repeater- A repeater receives a signal, regenerates it, and passes it on
Hubs- Hubs are multiport repeaters.

Related Articles:

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/local_area_network_LAN.html

Key Concepts:

The 5-4-3 rule divides the network into two types of physical segments: populated (user) segments, and unpopulated (link) segments.

Each type of media has advantages and disadvantages. These are based on the following factors:

Cable length
Cost
Ease of installation
Susceptibility to interference

Each type of media has advantages and disadvantages. These are based on the following factors:

Cable length
Cost
Ease of installation
Susceptibility to interference

Crossover Cables are use for the following connections;

Switch to switch

Switch to hub

Hub to hub

Router to router

PC to PC

Router to PC

Straight through cables are used for the following connections;

Switch to router

Switch to PC or server

Hub to PC or server

Course Materials:

CCNA 1 - Module 5 - Study Guide (.pdf)

CCNA 1 - Module 3

Moffinman — Fri, 28 Sep 2007 10:45:23 CDT

Networking Media:

This module discusses the different types of media that is used in networks today. The use of coaxial, twisted-pair and fiber optic cable and wireless technologies are covered. Characteristics and capabilities of each of the different types of networking media are covered along with current usage of each.

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

Coulombs Law- Opposite charges attract and like charges repel

Electrostatic Discharge- When Static Electrons jump to a conductor

Bohr's Model- Protons have positive charges and electrons have negative charges. There is more than one proton in the nucleus

Amperes- The number of charges per second that pass by a certain point along a path

Volts- Speed of electron traffic; the strength

Watts- Combination of amperage and voltage

UTP Unshielded twisted pair

SSID System set identifier

Related Articles:

- How to Make Your Own Network Cables - DUXCW

- TIA/EIA-568-B Standard: Wikipedia

Key Concepts:

This is the max angle at which light won't be refracted or absorbed.

The bigger the core the more information can be transmitted at a time.

Course Materials:

CCNA 1 - Module 3 - Study Guide (.pdf)

CCNA 1 - Module 2

growabrain — Sun, 23 Sep 2007 01:57:14 CDT

"A crash reduces
Your expensive computer
To a simple stone."

Networking Fundamentals:

This module deals with the early use of networks in business and how early networking systems struggled due to a lack of interoperability. As networks grew and the desire for networks to be able to transfer information with entities other than their own company, common standards began to develop. The TCP/IP model developed primarily through the Department of Defense's ARPANET project and the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model created standards in which the networking industry could build on and grow.

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

Performance - SANs allow concurrent access of disk or tape arrays by two or more servers at high speeds. This provides enhanced system performance.

Availability - SANs have built-in disaster tolerance. Data can be duplicated on a SAN up to 10 km (6.2 miles) away.

Scalability - A SAN can use a variety of technologies. This allows easy relocation of backup data, operations, file migration, and data replication between systems.

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small local area, like a home, office, or school!!!

A Network Access Card (NIC) is a printed circuit board that fits into the expansion slot of a bus on a computer motherboard. It can also be a peripheral device. NICs are sometimes called network adapters.

Hubs concentrate connections. In other words, they take a group of hosts and allow the network to see them as a single unit.

Network topology defines the structure of the network. One part of the topology definition is the physical topology, which is the actual layout of the wire or media. The other part is the logical topology, which defines how the hosts access the media to send data.

A Protocol is a formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern a particular aspect of how devices on a network communicate. Protocols determine the format, timing, sequencing, and error control in data communication.

Intranet -An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet protocols, network connectivity to securely share part of an organization's information or operations with its employees.The same concepts and technologies of the Internet such as clients and servers running on the Internet protocol suite are used to build an intranet.

Extranet - An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company.

Related Articles:

http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_NetworkingFundamentals.htm provides an overview of some of the basic issues related to networking.

http://networking-guides.com/a/90536/10+Networking+Myths+For+Newbies-To-Networking.html- -truths the government doesn't want you to know!

http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/cs653-1997/notes/ch1/ch1.htm- What is the matrix? What you are about to read, may disturb you. Enter with an open mind.

http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/networking/expert/russel_05sept19.mspx- and how to fix them

http://www.darkreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=95556&WT.svl=column1_1!- Social Engineering, you can do it! Woot?

http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/-Hobbes' Internet Timeline

Key Concepts:

In the late 1960s and 1970s smaller computers called minicomputers were created.

In 1977 the Apple Computer Company introduced the microcomputerwhich was also known as the Mac.

1981 IBM introduced its first PC. The user-friendly Mac

LANs allow businesses to locally share computer files and printers efficiently and make internal communications possible.
WANs are designed to do the following:

Operate over a large and geographically separated area
Allow users to have real-time communication capabilities with other users
Provide full-time remote resources connected to local services
Provide e-mail, Internet, file transfer, and e-commerce services

SANs offer the following features:

Performance – SANs allow concurrent access of disk or tape arrays by two or more servers at high speeds. This provides enhanced system performance.
Availability – SANs have built-in disaster tolerance. Data can be duplicated on a SAN up to 10 km (6.2 miles) away.
Scalability – A SAN can use a variety of technologies. This allows easy relocation of backup data, operations, file migration, and data replication between systems.

OSI Model video part 1

CCNA 3 - Module 3

dpereira24 — Wed, 19 Sep 2007 10:22:31 CDT

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

EIGRP: is an advance distance vector routing protocol, but also acts as a link-state protocol in the way that it updates neighbors and maintains routing information.
The Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP): is a routing protocol that was developed in the mid-1980s by Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco's principal goal in creating IGRP was to provide a robust protocol for routing within an autonomous system (AS).

Related Articles:

EIGRP - From Wikipedia

EIGRP Routing: Book exerpt from O'Reilly

EIGRP Basics: From the Cisco web site

Key Concepts:

How Does EIGRP Work?

EIGRP has four basic components:

Neighbor Discovery/Recovery
Reliable Transport Protocol
DUAL Finite State Machine
Protocol Dependent Modules

There are three tables that EIGRP maintains:

- Neighbor Table: Lists adjacent routers. This table is comparable to the adjacency database used by OSPF. There is a neighbor table for each protocol that EIGRP supports.

- Topology Table: Made up of all the EIGRP routing tables in the autonomous system.

- Routing Table:is an electronic table (file) or database type object that is stored in a router or a networked computer.

EIGRP Succesors and Feasible Successor

Course Materials:

CCNA 3 - Module 3 - Study Guide (.pdf)

CCNA 3 - Module 1

abdelhalims — Wed, 19 Sep 2007 10:22:28 CDT

Vocabulary - Key Terms:
The following are important rules to remember:

A router must know in detail the subnet numbers attached to it.
A router does not need to inform other routers about each subnet if the router can send one aggregate route for a set of routes.
A router that uses aggregate routes has fewer entries in its routing table.

Static routes – The system administrator manually defines the static routes as the next hop to a destination. Static routes are useful for security and traffic reduction, as no other route is known.
Default routes – The system administrator also manually defines default routes as the path to take when there is no known route to the destination. Default routes keep routing tables shorter. When an entry for a destination network does not exist in a routing table, the packet is sent to the default network.
Dynamic routes – Dynamic routing means that the router learns of paths to destinations by receiving periodic updates from other routers.

Related Articles:
Rip

Key Concepts:

For Class A addresses, the default classful mask is 255.0.0.0.
For Class B addresses, the default classful mask is 255.255.0.0.
For Class C addresses, the default classful mask is 255.255.255.0.

RIP v1 has the following limitations:

It does not send subnet mask information in its updates.
It sends updates as broadcasts on 255.255.255.255.
It does not support authentication.
It is not able to support VLSM or classless interdomain routing (CIDR).

What Rip v2 and Rip v1 share

It is a distance vector protocol that uses a hop count metric.
It uses holddown timers to prevent routing loops – default is 180 seconds.
It uses split horizon to prevent routing loops.
It uses 16 hops as a metric for infinite distance.

Course Materials:

CCNA 3 - Module 1 - Study Guide (.pdf)

Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) Reading

Variable Length Subnet Masking Study Guide

CCNA 3 - Module 2

jgtc — Wed, 05 Sep 2007 20:37:15 CDT

Single Area OSPF

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

IGP: Internet Gateway Protocol, Internet Protocol which distributes routing information to the routers.The term "gateway" is historical, "router" is currently the preferred term.

-Link-state routing Protocol:IGP. Remembers details of a complexed network topology. Requires each router to maintain at least a partial map of the network. When network topology changes, link state advertisements are spread throughout the network.

-Distance vector Protocol-an IGP that uses a distance calculation plus an outgoing network interface (a vector) to choose the best path to a destination network. Lest hop count.

-OSPF: Open Shortest Path First, OSPF is a link State protocol and is perhaps the most widely-used IGP in large enterprise networks

Related Articles:
Link State Vs. Distance Vector
Ciscos OSPF summary
Dijkstra's algorithm(ospf)

Key Concepts:

2.1.1 Review Of Link State Routing

Two main classes of IGPs are distance vector and link-state.

Examples of distance vector routing protocols in use today are RIP v2, IGRP, and the hybrid routing protocol EIGRP.

As networks become larger, limitations of DVA become apparent and Link-state protocols are in demand.

2.1.2 Link-state routing protocol features

Some Link State Routing Protocol Functions

Respond quickly to network changes

Send triggered updates only when a network change has occurred (link state advertisements) Send periodic updates known as link-state refreshes Use a hello mechanism to determine the reachability of neighbors

2.1.3 How Routing Information Is Maintained

Link-state routing protocols were designed to overcome the limitations of distance vector routing protocols.

LSP is much more efficient at quickly detecting and coping with changes in network topology then DVP's due to efficiency of Link State Advertisements.

2.1.4 Link State Routing Algorithms

Every router remembers a part of the network topology, and whenever the topology changes a "link state advertisement" Is sent throughout the network.

2.1.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Link-State Routing
2.1.6 Link State Vs. Distance Vector

The benefits of link-state over distance vector protocols include faster convergence and improved bandwidth utilization.

2.2.1 OSPF Overview+ 2.2.2 Terminology

-only supports tcp/ip protocol
-OSPF preferred over rip because it is scaleable
-OSPF passes on own and neighbors link state advertisements.
-Each router keeps a list of adjacent neighbors, called the adjacency database.

2.2.2 OSPF vs. Distance Vector

Rip good for small networks because less hop count.
OSPF is better for larger networks because it can determine the best path due to the speed of the link.

2.2.5 OSPF network types

OSPF interfaces automatically recognize three types of networks:

Broadcast multi-access, such as Ethernet
Point-to-point networks
Nonbroadcast multi-access (NBMA), such as Frame Relay

2.2.6 OSPF Hello Protocol

All routers periodically send out "hello messages" throughout the entire network to ensure that everything is running. Whereas link state routers only send out a similar "hello" message when there is a change in the network topology.
Course Materials:

CCNA 3 - Module 2 - Study Guide (.pdf)

2.3.1 +2.3.2 Configuring OSPF

To enable OSPF routing, use the global configuration command syntax:

Router(config)#router ospfprocess-id

IP networks are advertised as follows in OSPF:
Router(config-router)#network address wildcard-mask area area-id

create and assign an IP address to a loopback interface use the following commands:
Router(config)#interface loopback number

Router(config-if)#ip address ip-address subnet-mask

2.3.3 OSPF Cost Metric
Every type of connection has a "cost" the less 1337 the connection, the higher the cost.

2.3.4 Configuring OSPF Authentication (password)

The password can be up to eight characters. Use the following command syntax to configure OSPF authentication:

Router(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-keypassword

After the password is configured, authentication must be enabled:

Router(config-router)#areaarea-number authentication

2.3.5 Configuring OSPF timers +2.3.6 Propogate route

To configure the hello and dead intervals on an interface, use the following commands:

Router(config-if)#ip ospf hello-intervalseconds

Router(config-if)#ip ospf dead-intervalseconds

The following configuration statement will propagate this route to all the routers in a normal OSPF area:

Router(config-router)#default-information originate

2.3.7 Common Issues with OSPF

Hellos are not sent from both neighbors.
Hello and dead interval timers are not the same.
Interfaces are on different network types.
Authentication passwords or keys are different.

Media

CCNA 2

Brumbaugh — Mon, 30 Apr 2007 16:06:28 CDT

Course Study Guides
Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
Module 4
Module 5
Module 6
Module 7
Module 8
Module 9
Module 10
Module 11

CCNA 2 - Module 8

dpereira24 — Mon, 26 Mar 2007 10:13:28 CDT

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

Icmp - Reports errors back to the source of the datagram.

Related Articles:

Key Concepts:

Course Materials:

CCNA 4 - Module 4

migue — Wed, 14 Mar 2007 11:18:26 CDT

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network A communication protocol, offered by telephone companies, that permits telephone networks to carry data, voice, and other source traffic.

PSTN:Public Switched Telephone Network A general term that refers to the variety of telephone networks and services in place worldwide. Sometimes called plain old telephone service (POTS).
B-channel:bearer channel In ISDN, a full-duplex, 64-kbps channel used to send user data.

D-channel:
Data channel
Full-duplex, 16-kbps (BRI) or 64-kbps (PRI) ISDN channel.

Related Articles:

ISDN:

Key Concepts:

Course Materials:

CCNA 3 - Module 4 - Study Guide (.pdf)

CCNA 2 - Module 6

gamemastersb — Fri, 09 Mar 2007 10:44:33 CST

Vocabulary - Key Terms:
show running-config- used to view the active configuration in RAM to verify that the static route was entered correctly.

show ip route- used to make sure that the static route is present in the routing table.

traceroute- indicates that the ICMP packet was returned

routed protocol- used to direct user traffic.

Related Articles:

Key Concepts:

CCNA 2 - Module 5

capetillom — Fri, 09 Mar 2007 10:28:38 CST

.

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

Flash memory - A system image can be loaded from flash memory. Information stored in flash memory is not vulnerable to network failures that can occur when system images are loaded from TFTP servers.

Network server - If flash memory is corrupted, a system image can be loaded from a TFTP server.

ROM - The final bootstrap option is to boot from ROM. However, a system image in ROM is usually a subset of the Cisco IOS that lacks the protocols, features, and configurations of the full Cisco IOS. Also, if the software has been updated, a router may have an older version stored in ROM.

Basic - A basic feature set for a hardware platform such as IP and IP/FW.
Plus - A basic feature set plus additional features such as IP Plus, IP/FW Plus, and Enterprise Plus.
Encryption - A 56-bit data encryption feature set, such as Plus 56, that is combined with a basic or plus feature set. Examples include IP/ATM PLUS IPSEC 56 or Enterprise Plus 56.

Related Articles:

Key Concepts:

Course Materials:

CCNA 2 - Module 4

dpereira24 — Tue, 13 Feb 2007 10:35:14 CST

Vocabulary - Key Terms:
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is primarily used to obtain protocol addresses of neighboring devices
and discover the platform of those devices. CDP can also be used to show information about the interfaces your router uses.
CDP is media- and protocol-independent, and runs on all Cisco-manufactured equipment including
routers, bridges, access servers, and switches.

Related Articles:
http://www.javvin.com/protocolCDP.html

Key Concepts:

CDP is a Layer 2 protocol that connects lower physical media
and upper network layer protocols, as shown.

Course Materials:

CCNA 2 - Module 3

pepto_bismol — Tue, 13 Feb 2007 10:29:54 CST

Vocabulary - Key Terms:

Global Configuration Mode: the primary configuration mode, all other configuration modes are subsets of global config. Three modes that can be entered from global config:
- Interface mode
- Line mode
- Router mode
- Subinterface mode
- Controller mode

Related Articles:

Key Concepts:

Name a router
Set passwords
Examine show commands
Configure a serial interface
Configure an Ethernet interface
Execute changes to a router
Save changes to a router
Configure an interface description
Configure a message-of-the-day banner
Configure host tables
Understand the importance of backups and documentation
Detect routers in network
Change name

Course Materials:

Module 1	Module 2
Module 3	Module 4
Module 5	Module 6
Module 7	Module 8
Module 9	Module 10
Module 11